Genetic engineering, commonly referred to as genetic modification, is a procedure that modifies an organism's DNA using technology developed in laboratories. During genetic engineering, a single base pair (A-T or C-G) can be changed, a new DNA segment can be added, or a DNA section can be deleted (Genetic Engineering). The goal of genetic engineering is to alter the genes to increase the organism's capabilities beyond what is normal. Almost every natural or altered gene can be transferred into any living thing through genetic engineering. This creates different conditions that could either help to restrict the spread of infectious illnesses or simply do the opposite (Impact of genetic modifications on infectious diseases). Other diseases may be detected through genetic testing, such as Down Syndrome, Huntington's disease, Cystic fibrosis, and Sickle cell disease (Genetic disorders). The majority of genetic engineers work for pharmaceutical companies, healthcare organizations, research and development companies, universities, and the government, to alter, splice, eliminate, and rearrange genes to modify an organism or groups of organisms (How To Become A Genetic Engineers, Genetic Engineers). There are many steps that individuals should study of in the genetic engineering field. The main five steps include, Locating an organism with a specific trait and extracting its DNA, Cloning a gene that controls the trait, Designing a gene to express in a specific way, Transformation, inserting the gene into the cells of a crop plant, and Cross the transgene into an elite background (Genetic Engineering, Genetics, Agriculture, and Biotechnology). In July 2019, a new genetic innovation tool was created (CRISPR-Cas9). This editing tool allowed researchers to copy DNA and paste it in the genetic material of their choosing, which permitted them to create genetically modified organisms. Research indicates that a small number of exceptional or life-threatening cases have already been treated with CRISPR-Cas9 to treat human diseases (What are genome editing and CRISPR-Cas9?). According to the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), employment for biochemists and biophysicists, which generally includes genetic engineers, is predicted to increase by 6% through 2028. The study of gene activities could lead to the development of vaccinations, life-saving medications, and a variety of other things, such as a reduced need for pesticides (Genetic Engineering - First Hand). According to study, genetic engineering will not significantly affect human diversity but is more likely to protect human populations' capacity to fight disease and unpredictable environmental challenges, therefore maintaining the health and survival of our species (Human enhancement: Genetic Engineering evolution). Scientists might even discover a cancer treatment during the upcoming years (What does the future of genetic engineering look like?) Works Cited: “Genetic Engineering.” Genome.gov, https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Genetic-Engineering.
How to Become a Genetic Engineer | Indeed.com. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/finding-a-job/how-to-become-genetics-engineer.
“Genetic Disorders: What Are They, Types, Symptoms & Causes.” Cleveland Clinic, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21751-genetic-disorders.
Genetic Engineers, https://firsthand.co/professions/genetic-engineers.
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Genome Editing and CRISPR-Cas9?: Medlineplus Genetics.” MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/genomicresearch/genomeediting/.
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